Patients with IBS experience abdominal pain and abnormal bowel habits without a known cause.
IBS
Patients with IBS experience abdominal pain and abnormal bowel habits without a known cause. Stress and hard to digest foods can trigger the symptoms. Foods like dairy, wheat, and beans are hard to digest can be triggers as are diets with fertmentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides, and polyols. Soluble fiber foods (oat bran and psyllium) should be increased. Medications should be used for moderate to severe symptoms (IBS, 2021, p.16).
Constipation-predominant IBS
An osmotic laxative polyethylene glycol (Miralax) helps the constipation but not the bloating. Drugs like Amitiza, Trulance, and Linzess will all cause diarrhea.
Diarrhea-predominant IBS
Loperamide decreases stool frequency. Low dose tricyclic medications may improve abdominal pain and diarrhea due to the anticholinergic effects. Do not use SSRIs.
Supplements like enteric-coated peppermint oil (Pepogest) or probiotics may reduce symptoms of either type of IBS.
2. Kidney stones
Due to the increase in obesity and diabetes kidney stones are being see more frequently. Surprisingly almost all stones smaller than 5mm will pass and the recommended medical treatment is NSAIDS compared to opioids. NSAIDS decrease ureteral spasms. The medical treatment to pass larger stones 5-10mm in size is the use of alpha-blocker, such as tamsulosin to help relax the ureters. Lithotripsy is a procedure that can be used to crush or remove larger stones that won’t pass. Education to avoid kidney stones should focus on staying hydrated, approximately 3L a day. Soda should be avoided as ingredients such as fructose, phosphoric acid, sodium increase risk for stone development. Most kidney stones are comprised of calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate typically binds in the gut, the key is to avoid the amount that gets into the urine. Recommending foods that reduce oxlate in the urine include almonds, spinach, and potatoes. Restricting Vitamin C doses to 1g/day may reduce stone recurrence, restricting sodium to 2,300mg/day may lead to lower urinary calcium (Kidney Stone, 2021). Potassium citrate can be used to raise the urinary PH and prevent calcium crystal formation if an individual has recurrent stones. Thiazide is nice option for those with hypertension or bone loss while allopurinol is great for those with gout.
3. GCU takes academic dishonesty very seriously and reserves the right to enforce consequences when this code of conduct has been violated. Punishments may result in a failing grade in a course to dismissing a student from the school of nursing. Plagiarism is a serious academic offense that every student needs to avoid. Students attending GCU are required to use the LOPESWRITE program if they are submitting any work that is over 500 words to ensure students are turning in assignments in their own words and not someone else’s. The APA citation and reference guide found in the student success center is a wonderful tool that provides examples for in text and reference list citations. When using sources (whether book, article, documentary, etc.), students must either quote, paraphrase, summarize, or generalize the information that they are using from that source, and cite the source according to the style required in the class. Proper, appropriate citation is integral to the academic process, and is a foundational requirement of avoiding plagiarism. Students do not need to cite common knowledge
What resources do you use to assist you with APA format and citations?
How would you rate your proficiency using the APA 7th edition style, on a scale of 1-5? 5 being very skilled.
Reference:
American Psychological Association. (2019). Publication manual of the American
Psychological Association (7th ed.). Washington DC: Author
Answer preview to patients with IBS experience abdominal pain and abnormal bowel habits without a known cause. 
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